This lesson explains converting for loops to while loops. It shows how a for loop from 0 to 5 can be rewritten with a while loop by manually initializing the counter (i), checking the condition, printing, and incrementing i. An example of summing numbers from 1 to 100 is provided. The lesson also discusses when while loops are better, like rolling a die until a six appears, as they handle unknown iteration counts better than for loops.